The main difference between indie and traditional publishing is who assumes the financial risk and bears the cost of publication. In traditional publishing, the author is not typically expected to invest any money upfront, as the publisher covers all costs and takes on all the financial risk. The author may receive an advance, which is essentially a loan that is repaid to the publisher out of future royalties earned on sales of the book. In indie publishing, the author assumes all of the financial risk and cost of publication. The author may choose to hire professional editors, cover designers, and other publishing professionals to help with the publication process, but the author is ultimately responsible for paying all upfront costs.
There are also some key differences in the way indie and traditional books are marketed and distributed. Traditional publishers have established relationships with key booksellers and often have a sales force that calls on these stores to promote and sell their titles. Indie publishers typically have to rely on online marketing and selling platforms to reach readers.
It’s important to note that there is no one “right” way to publish a book. There are pros and cons to both indie and traditional publishing, and ultimately the best decision for an author depends on the individual book and the author’s goals for the book.