The first dystopian novel that is widely recognized is "The Republic," written by Plato in 380 BC. However, there are many other novels that could be considered the first dystopian novel, depending on how you define the genre. For example, "The City of the Sun" by Sir Thomas More was published in 1516 and is often considered to be one of the first utopian novels. But because it does not contain many of the elements typically associated with dystopian fiction, some people consider it to be the first dystopian novel.