Galileo's four main discoveries were: the phases of Venus, the moons of Jupiter, the Law of Pendulum, and the discovery of the telescope.
The phases of Venus: Galileo was the first person to observe the phases of Venus, which proved that Venus orbits around the sun.
The moons of Jupiter: Galileo was the first person to observe the four largest moons of Jupiter, which are now known as the Galilean moons.
The Law of Pendulum: Galileo discovered that a pendulum swings in a regular and predictable pattern, which is now known as the Law of Pendulum.
The discovery of the telescope: Galileo was the first person to discover the telescope, which he used to observe the stars and planets.